Inductive sensors detect metal or electrically conductive objects, which move into their sensing range, without any contact. They provide the user with a binary signal that indicates whether an object has been detected or not. Inductive sensors are also called proximity switches or position sensors.
Inductive sensors consist of three functional units: an oscillator, an evaluation unit and an output stage. As part of the oscillator, the coil uses the oscillating circuit to generate an alternating magnetic field that then radiates from the active surface of the inductive sensor. When a metallic object enters the magnetic field, eddy currents develop that reduce the energy from the oscillator. The amplitude and frequency of the oscillating circuit change and the output stage is adjusted by a Schmitt trigger or the amplitude is converted into a distance. If several coils are used, the sensing accuracy of the inductive sensor is increased.
Thanks to their contactless operating mode, inductive sensors have numerous advantages:
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